MMR Vaccine

Measles - Mumps - Rubella

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Measles

Measles (also known as Rubeola, Morbilli, or the Nine-Day Measles) is a viral illness associated with specific symptoms and a rash. The symptoms include cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis (pink eye)...the three C's of measles. These may occur with a fever, followed by Koplik spots. Koplik spots are grayish white dots surrounded by redness in the mouth. If Koplik spots are seen, then it is definitely measles. The rash then occurs, which starts behind the neck, goes over the head, down the face and then down the body. Fever may rise to over 104 degrees with this rash. The rash is described as maculopapular, meaning large and small red spots.

The C.D.C A.C.I.P. recommends Measles vaccination at 15 months of age and between 4-6 years old (before school entry)

MMWR Jan 11, 1991, Vol. 40, No. RR-1, pp. 1-7.



MMR/ Austism Link --New Research

Ever since Andrew Wakefield's work on the MMR Vaccine and Autism came out there has been multiple papers, comments and disputes about its validity.

Now a new study adds additional reason to believe there is a direct correlation between the two.

This news article sums it up well. New Research Suggests Autism Link to MMR



Abnormal Measles-Mumps-Rubella Antibodies and CNS Autoimmunity in Children with Autism

Autoimmunity to the central nervous system (CNS), especially to myelin basic protein (MBP), may play a causal role in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder. Because many autistic children harbor elevated levels of measles antibodies, we conducted a serological study of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and MBP autoantibodies. Using serum samples of 125 autistic children and 92 control children, antibodies were assayed by ELISA or immunoblotting methods. ELISA analysis showed a significant increase in the level of MMR antibodies in autistic children. Immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of an unusual MMR antibody in 75 of 125 (60%) autistic sera but not in control sera. This antibody specifically detected a protein of 73-75 kD of MMR. This protein band, as analyzed with monoclonal antibodies, was immunopositive for measles hemagglutinin (HA) protein but not for measles nucleoprotein and rubella or mumps viral proteins. Thus the MMR antibody in autistic sera detected measles HA protein, which is unique to the measles subunit of the vaccine. Furthermore, over 90% of MMR antibody-positive autistic sera were also positive for MBP autoantibodies, suggesting a strong association between MMR and CNS autoimmunity in autism. Stemming from this evidence, we suggest that an inappropriate antibody response to MMR, specifically the measles component thereof, might be related to pathogenesis of autism.

Vijendra K. Singh, Sheren X. Lin, Elizabeth Newell, Courtney Nelson   Abnormal Measles-Mumps-Rubella Antibodies and CNS Autoimmunity in Children with Autism   J Biomed Sci 2002 (Jul);   9 (4):   359-364



“The Status of Research into Vaccine Safety and Autism”

Washington, D.C. - On June 19, 2002, at 11:00 a.m., in Room 2154 of the Rayburn House Office Building, the Committee on Government Reform, chaired by Congressman Dan Burton (R-IN), will conduct a hearing to evaluate the status of research concerning the possible relationship between vaccines and neurological disorders, including autism.

Ten years ago, autism was estimated to affect 1 in 10,000 children. According to the National Institutes of Health, it is now anticipated to affect 1 in 250 children. .... Read the letter

1. Measles self limiting infection of short duration moderate severity and low fatality which has maintained a remarkable state of biological balance. In the United States immunization levels are at 98% due to mandatory vaccination, however epidemics of measles still occur every 3-4 year interval unabated and uninfluenced by vaccination. The fact that despite 98% compliance with vaccination, epidemics of measles still occur means the vaccine is totally ineffective.
   
   V Scheibner Ph.D.   Immunizations: 100 Years of Orthodox Research Shows that Vaccines Represent A Medical Assault on the Immune System.   New Atlantean Pr. December 1993/ ISBN: 064615124X.

2. An outbreak of measles occurred in a high school with a documented vaccination level of 98%. 70% of the cases were students who had histories of measles vaccination at 12 months of age or older and are therefore considered vaccine failures. Vaccine failures among apparently adequately vaccinated individuals were sources of infection for at least 48 percent of the cases in the outbreak.
   
   Nkowane BM, Bart SW, Orenstein WA, Baltier M   Measles outbreak in a vaccinated school population: epidemiology, chains of transmission and the role of vaccine failures   Am J Public Health 1987 (Apr);   77 (4):   434-438
3. A study of 130 cases of measles showed the attack rate of measles in vaccinated children was much higher than in unvaccinated children.
   
   Cherry JD, Feigin RD, Shackelford PG, Hinthorn DR, Schmidt RR   A clinical and serologic study of 103 children with measles vaccine failure   J Pediatr 1973 (May);   82 (5):   802-808
4. The risk of having convulsions after measles vaccination is 19 in 10,000.
   
   Roden AT   Convulsive disorders in young children   Proc R Soc Med 1974 (May);   67 (5):   380
5. A 1973 study described 80 cases of neurologic disorders starting within thirty days after inoculation with the measles virus vaccination.
   
   Landrigan PJ, Witte JJ   Neurologic disorders following live measles-virus vaccination   JAMA 1973 (Mar 26);   223 (13):   1459-1462
6. Measles vaccination has also been reported to cause diffuse retinopathy.
   
   MMWR 1989; 38:329-330
   
   Marshall GS, Wright PF, Fenichel GM, Karzon DT   Diffuse retinopathy following measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination   Pediatrics 1985 (Dec);   76 (6):   989-991
7. There is risk of developing subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after measles inoculation.
   
   Landrigan PJ, Witte JJ   Neurologic disorders following live measles-virus vaccination   JAMA 1973 (Mar 26);   223 (13):   1459-1462

Neurological Complications of Immunization

Vaccines prepared from live-attenuated viruses (measles, mumps, rubella, and trivalent oral poliovirus) can cause symptomatic viral infection of the nervous system, including measles encephalitis, which occurs in 1 of 1,000,000 vaccine recipients; rubella neuritis, in less than 1 of 10,000 recipients; and paralytic poliomyelitis, in 1 of 3,000,000 vaccine recipients or their close contacts. A cause-and-effect relationship between immunization and brachial plexus neuritis, acute transverse myelitis, and cranial neuropathies has been suggested but never proved.

Fenichel GM   Neurological complications of immunization   Ann Neurol 1982 (Aug);   12 (2):   119-128



Encephalitis and Measles Vaccine

White R   Measles vaccine associated encephalitis in Canada   Lancet 1983 (Sep 17);   2 (8351):   683-684



The average age of the patient in the "UCLA outbreak" was between 20-24 years old. 91% were found to have measles specific antibody.

Rand KH, Reuman PD   Measles: ready for eradication?   Ann Intern Med 1979 (Jun);   90 (6):   978-980



While measles vaccines were effective in elevating measles-neutralizing antibody in a number of children, although not all, this had already this has already been demonstrated to be irrelevant in preventing the disease.

Bellanti JA   Biologic significance of the secretory A immunoglobulins   Pediatrics 1971 (Nov);   48 (5):   715-729



In a study of a measles outbreak in a secondary school, populations greater than 99% of students were fully immunized, and 95% showed immunity in serologic testing. The epidemic occurred in the remaining 5% all of whom were adequately immunized.

Gustafson TL, Lievens AW, Brunell PA et. al.   Measles outbreak in a fully immunized secondary-school population   N Engl J Med 1987 (Mar 26);   316 (13):   771-774



The C.D.C. reported on an outbreak in junior high school students in Hobbs, New Mexico where 98% of the students were vaccinated shortly before the outbreak began.

MMWR (1Feb 1985).



Measles Vaccine Failure. Most cases were considered "primary vaccination failure." This article notes 76 similar measles outbreaks in the United States

MMWR (2 September 1988)



In 1600 cases of measles, 58% were previously vaccinated

MMWR 1989; 38:329-330



Another study stated measles vaccines were not providing "proper" immunologic response in vaccinated children.

Linnemann CC, Hegg ME, Rotte TC, Phair JP, Schiff GM   Measles IgM response during reinfection of previously vaccinated children   J Pediatr 1973 (May);   82 (5):   798-801



"Measles transmission has been clearly documented among vaccinated persons. In some large outbreaks over 95% of cases have a history of vaccinations."

Dr. Atkinson of C.D.C. FDA Workshop to review warnings, instructions and precautionary information on vaccines. Rockland, Maryland 9/18/72 p. 27



Measles cases have consistently occurred in vaccinated individuals. A review of measles outbreaks in the United States during 1985-1989, revealed a median of 60 percent of the cases occurred in vaccinated persons. In fact 61%-90% of measles occur in persons who were appropriately vaccinated.

Markowitz LE, Preblud SR, Orenstein WA, Rovira EZ et. al.   Patterns of transmission in measles outbreaks in the United States, 1985-1986   N Engl J Med 1989 (Jan 12);   320 (2):   75-81



These studies demonstrate that, even though measles vaccination was mandatory, that it was done with vaccines, which had always been known to be ineffective.

Shasby DM, Shope TC, Downs H, Herrmann KL, Polkowski J   Epidemic measles in a highly vaccinated population   N Engl J Med 1977 (Mar 17);   296 (11):   585-589


Weiner LB, Corwin RM, Nieburg PI, Feldman, HA   A measles outbreak among adolescents   J Pediatr 1977 (Jan);   90 (1):   17-20


Hull HF, Montes JM, Hays PC, Lucero RL   Risk factors for measles vaccine failure among immunized students   Pediatrics 1985 (Oct);   76 (4):   518-23



Seven patients, aged 12 to 19 years, had atypical measles. All patients had previously received killed measles vaccine. A substantial number of persons who are older adolescents or young adults may be at risk of developing atypical measles.

Martin DB, Weiner LB, Nieburg PI, Blair DC Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults Ann Intern Med. 1979 Jun;90(6):877-881



The UK had a big MMR vaccine program for young children in school. The campaign was in 1994 and this was followed by a large rise in insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the age group that received the vaccine. Incidence of IDDM in 5-9 year olds increased from 15 to 27 cases/100,000 between 1994 and 1995.

Gardner SG, Bingley PJ, Sawtell PA, Weeks S, Gale EA   Rising incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 5 years in the Oxford region: time trend analysis. The Bart's-Oxford Study Group   Brit Med Journal 1997 (Sep 20);   315 (7110):   713-717



The incidence of IDDM also rose in the young children 2-3 year olds after the first dose of MMR was introduced.

Tuomilehto J, Virtala E, Karvonen M, Lounamaa R et. al.   Increase in incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in Finland   Int J Epidemiol 1995 (Oct);   24 (5):   984-92

Mumps

Mumps is a common childhood viral disease (pain and swelling of the parotid glands, which are the glands in front of the ear), which is benign in the vast majority of cases. It is desirable that mumps be contracted in early childhood because when it is contracted in adulthood, the disease may cause meningitis and/or damage to the testes, ovaries, auditory nerves or pancreas.

Just as mumps may cause meningitis, so too can the vaccine itself. It has been confirmed by numerous studies that cases of meningitis are caused by the vaccine and NOT the wild virus.


The C.D.C. A.C.I.P. recommends Mumps vaccination at 15 months of age and between 4-6 years old (before school entrance)

MMWR Jan 11, 1991, Vol. 40, No. RR-1, pp. 1-7.



Gray JA, Burns SM   Mumps meningitis following measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation   Lancet. 1989 (Jul 8);   2 (8654):   98

Bottinger M, Christenson B, Romanus V, Taranger J, Strandell A   Swedish experience of two dose vaccination programme aiming at eliminating measles, mumps, and rubella   Brit Med Jou (Clin Res Ed) 1987 (Nov 14);   295 (6608):   1264-1267

Gray JA, Burns SM   Mumps vaccine meningitis   Lancet 1989 (Oct 14);   2 (8668):   927

Ehrengut W   Mumps vaccine and meningitis   Lancet 1989 (Sep 23);   2 (8665):   751

Von Muhlendahl KE   Mumps meningitis following measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation   Lancet 1989 (Aug 12);   2 (8659):   394-395

Forsey T, Bentley ML, Minor PD, Begg N   Mumps vaccines and meningitis   Lancet 1992 (Oct 17);   340 (8825):   980

Champagne S, Thomas E   A case of mumps meningitis; a post immunization complication   Can Dis Weekly Rep 1988;   13-35;   155-6.

McDonald JC, Moore DL, Quennec P   Clinical and epidemiologic features of mumps meningoencephalitis and possible vaccine-related disease   Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989 (Nov);   8 (11):   751-755

Ehrengut W, Zastrow K   Complications after preventive mumps vaccination in West Germany (including multiple preventive vaccinations   Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1989 (Jul);   137 (7):   398-402



The Jeryl Lynn and Urabe vaccine strains were clearly different from each other and from wild virus isolated from cases of non-vaccine-associated mumps. In contrast, viruses isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and throat in cases of meningitis and parotitis following vaccination with the Urabe strain were identical to this strain. The authors concluded that the vaccine was the source of these infections.

Forsey T, Mawn JA, Yates PJ, Bentley ML, Minor PD   Differentiation of vaccine and wild mumps viruses using the polymerase chain reaction and dideoxynucleotide sequencing   J Gen Virol. 1990 (Apr);   71 ( Pt 4):   987-990



The incidence of mumps vaccine-associated meningitis was 1/1000 in vaccine recipients. In 92% of children the incubation period was 11 to 25 days and 28% had associated swelling of the salivary glands.

Cizman M, Mozetic M, Radescek-Rakar R, Pleterski-Rigler D   Aseptic meningitis after vaccination against measles and mumps   Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989 (May);   8 (5):   302-308



In fact the most common reaction to the MMR vaccination is meningitis, caused by the mumps component of the MMR vaccination.

Anonymous:   Mumps meningitis and MMR vaccination   Lancet 1989 (Oct 28);   2 (8670):   1015-1016



Infection of the testes, ovaries and other organs are not unusual, but occur much more frequently in adults. Deaths from mumps are rare, but much more likely to occur in adults; about half of mumps associated deaths occur in persons over 20 years old.

MMWR 1989; 38:388-400 Mumps Prevention



There is significant evidence that the mumps vaccine may delay the incidence of mumps until early adulthood when it is much more dangerous.

Sullivan KM, Halpin TJ, Kim-Farley R, Marks JS   Mumps disease and its health impact: an outbreak-based report   Pediatrics 1985 (Oct);   76 (4):   533-536

Kaplan KM, Marder DC, Cochi SL, Preblud SR   Mumps in the workplace. Further evidence of the changing epidemiology of a childhood vaccine-preventable disease   JAMA 1988 (Sep 9);   260 (10):   1434-8



From 1971-1977, the average number of cases with mumps 15 years of age or over was 8.3%, by 1987 this figure had risen to 38.8%.

MMWR 38:101-5.

Arday DR, Kanjarpane DD, Kelley PW   Mumps in the US Army 1980-86: should recruits be immunized? Am J Public Health 1989 (Apr);   79 (4):   471-474



Those individuals who do not develop a proper clinical measles with rash are more likely to contract cancer and degenerative disease of cartilage and bone than those do develop proper measles with rash.

Ronne T   Measles virus infection without rash in childhood is related to disease in adult life   Lancet 1985 (Jan 5);   1 (8419):   1-5



In several studies the mumps vaccine was noted to have actually caused outbreaks of mumps. In these cases those who developed mumps as a result of the vaccine were not included in the final analysis of the vaccine efficacy and safety.

Henle W, Crawford MN, Henle G, Faz Tabio H et. al   Studies on the prevention of mumps. VII. Evaluation of dosage schedule for inactivated mumps vaccine.   J Immunology 1959;   83:   17-28.

Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Whitman JE Jr., Hilleman MR   Live attenuated mumps-virus vaccine. 3. Clinical and serologic aspects in a field evaluation   N Engl J Med 1967 (Feb 2);   276 (5):   245-251

Sugg WC, Finger JA, Levine RH, Pagano JS   Field evaluation of live virus mumps vaccine   J Pediatr 1968 (Apr);   72 (4):   461-466



Another researcher who noted the obvious manipulation of the figures stated, "the fact that the authors manipulated the circumstances of this outbreak 'disregarding' the initial cases from calculations make their evaluation of this experiment highly questionable".

Hilleman MR, Weibel RE, Buynak EB   Live attenuated mumps-virus vaccine. IV. Protective efficacy as measured in a field evaluation   N Engl J Med 1967 (Feb 2);   276 (5):   252-258



It has long been known, and reported, that mumps often breaks out in vaccinated children and may even be the cause of atypical measles, thus proving the vaccines lack of efficacy.

Gunby P   'Atypical' mumps may occur after immunization   JAMA 1980 (Jun 20);   243 (23):   2374-2375

Fiumara NJ, Etkind PH   Mumps outbreak in West Wood, Massachusetts. 1981.   Epidemiologic Notes and Reports.   MMWR 1982; 33(29):421-430

Fiumara NJ, Etkind PH   Mumps disease and its health impact: an outbreak-based report.   Pediatrics 1985;   76 (4):   533-536



It has been clearly demonstrated that while compliance to vaccination is low, so is the incidence of mumps. However as compliance to vaccination increase, mainly due to mandatory vaccination, quite substantial outbreaks to mumps started occuring.

Cochi SL, Preblud SR, Orenstein WA   Perspectives on the relative resurgence of mumps in the United States   Am J Dis Child 1988 (May);   142 (5):   499-507

Chaiken BP, Williams NM, Preblud, SR, Parkin   The effect of a school entry law on mumps activity in a school district   JAMA 1987 (May 8);   257 (18):   2455-2458





Rubella

Rubella (also known as German measles or 3-day measles) is a viral illness with specific symptoms, such as congestion and runny nose, followed by swelling of the glands behind the ear, and on the back of the neck. Following this, a rash develops on the face and then progresses to the whole body. This rash will usually last 3 days. Rubella is a non-threatening to children. However, it is dangerous to pregnant women in first timester of pregnancy. Rubella vaccination has been known to cause skin rash, lymphadenopathy, transient arthritis, pain syndromes in the wrists, hands and knee's accompanied by a crouch and myeloradiculoneuritis.


The C.D.C.A.C.I.P. recommends Rubella vaccination at: 15 months of age and between 4-6 years old (before school entry).

MMWR Jan 11, 1991, Vol. 40, No. RR-1, pp. 1-7.


Cooper LZ, Ziring PR, Weiss HJ, Matters BA, Krugman S   Transient arthritis after rubella vaccination   Am J Dis Child 1969 (Aug);   118 (2):   218-225

Kilroy AW, Shcaffner W, Fleet WF, Jr., Lefkowitz LB, Jr et. al   Two syndromes following rubella immunization. Clinical observations and epidemiological studies   JAMA 1970 (Dec 28);   214 (13):   2287-2292

Gilmartin RC, Jabbour JT, Duernas DA   Rubella vaccine myeloradiculoneuritis   J Pediatr 1972 (Mar);   80 (3):   406-412

Spruance SL, Klock SE, Bailey JR, Smith CB   Recurrent joint symptoms in children vaccinated with HPV-77DK12 rubella vaccine   J Pediatr 1972 (Mar);   80 (3):   413-417

Chantler JK, Ford DK, Tingle AJ   Persistent rubella infection and rubella-associated arthritis   Lancet 1982 (Jun 12);   1 (8285):   1323-1325



Regarding the use of vaccines by physicians it has been reported that OB/GYN physicians hold the lowest vaccination rates. Of those known by blood test to be "susceptible" less than 10% submitted to vaccination.

The next lowest rate of vaccination compliance occurred among Pediatricians. The reason cited for the physicians refusal to be vaccinated was "Fear of unforeseen vaccine reaction, of particular concern was Gullain-Barre Syndrome."

Orenstein WA, Heseltine PN, LeGagnoux SJ, Portnoy B   Rubella vaccine and susceptible hospital employees. Poor physician participation   JAMA 1981 (Feb 20);   245 (7):   711-713



When reports appeared that antibody titers decreased shortly after routine childhood immunization several experts argued against childhood immunization. Stating it was more appropriate to immunize adults not infants. Especially because it has been shown that children are not the primary source for infection.

Fulginiti VA   Controversies in current immunization policy and practices: one physician's viewpoint   Curr Probl Pediatr 1976 (Apr);   6 (6):   3-25

Sieber OF, Fuginiti VA   Is adult immunization more appropriate than immunization of infants?   Pediatrics 1977 (Oct);   60 (4):   562-563

Schoenbaum SC, Biano S, Mack T   Epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome. The role of maternal parity   JAMA 1975 (Jul 14);   233 (2):   151-155



Rubella vaccine efficacy has been estimated at less than 77%.

Hough JC, Walker RB, Brough JW   Rubella seroconversion following immunization in a rural practice   J Fam Pract 1979 (Oct);   9 (4):   587-589



In fact the antibody levels already dropped to less than ½ just 4 years after vaccination. The lack of efficacy of the Rubella vaccine has long been noted.

Rauh JL, Schiff GM, Johnson LB   Rubella surveillance and immunization among adolescent girls in Cincinnati   Am J Dis Child 1972 (Jul);   124 (1):   71-75

Klock LE, Rachelefsky GS   Failure of rubella herd immunity during an epidemic   N Engl J Med 1973 (Jan 11);   288 (2):   69-72

Modlin JF, Witte JJ, Campbell CC  A review of five years' experience with rubella vaccine in the United States   Pediatrics 1975 (Jan);   55 (1):   20-29



It has also long been noted that outbreaks of rubella very rarely occur in unvaccinated populations.

Horstmann DM, Liebhaber H, Le Bouvier GL, Rosenberg DA, Halstead SB   Rubella: reinfection of vaccinated and naturally immune persons exposed in an epidemic   N Engl J Med 1970 (Oct 8);   283 (15):   771-778

Abrutyn E, Herrmann KL, Karchmer AW, Friedman JP, Page E, Witte JJ   Rubella vaccine comparative study. Nine-month follow up and serologic response to natural challenge   Am J Dis Child 1970 (Aug);   120 (2):   129-33

Chang TW, DesRosier S, Weinstein L   Clinical and serologic studies of an outbreak of rubella in a vaccinated population   N Engl J Med 1970 (Jul 30);   283 (5):   246-8



A 1980 study stated, despite distribution of over 83 million doses of Rubella vaccine since 1969, there were periodic up swings in incidence.

Cherry JD   The 'New' epidemiology of measles and rubella.   Hospital Practice 1989;   49-57



Since natural Rubella is almost benign and confers better immunity than the vaccine, but without additional risks, rubella vaccination is not justifies in young children.

Joncas JH   Preventing the congenital rubella syndrome by vaccinating women at risk   Can Med Assoc Jou 1983 (Jul 15);   129 (2):   110-112